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Gordian I ((ラテン語:Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus);〔Encyclopaedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/239047/Gordian-II〕 c. 159 – 12 April 238) was Roman Emperor for one month with his son Gordian II in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. Caught up in a rebellion against the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, he was defeated by forces loyal to Maximinus before committing suicide. ==Early life== Little is known on the early life and family background of Gordian. There is no reliable evidence on his family origins.〔Meckler, ''Gordian I''〕 His family were of Equestrian rank, who were modest and very wealthy.〔Canduci, pg. 63〕 Gordian was said to be related to prominent senators.〔Birley, pg. 340〕 His praenomen and nomen ''Marcus Antonius'' suggest that his paternal ancestors received Roman citizenship under the Triumvir Mark Antony, or one of his daughters, during the late Roman Republic.〔Birley, pg. 340〕 Gordian’s cognomen ‘Gordianus’ suggests that his family origins were from Anatolia, especially Galatia and Cappadocia.〔Peuch, Bernadette, "Orateurs et sophistes grecs dans les inscriptions d'époque impériale", (2002), pg. 128〕 According to the Augustan History, his mother was a Roman woman called Ulpia Gordiana and his father Roman Senator Maecius Marullus.〔 While modern historians have dismissed his father's name as false, there may be some truth behind the identity of his mother. Gordian's family history can be guessed through inscriptions. The name ''Sempronianus'' in his name may indicate a connection to his mother or grandmother. In Ankara Turkey, a funeral inscription has been found that names a ''Sempronia Romana'', daughter of a named ''Sempronius Aquila'' (an imperial secretary).〔Birley, pg. 340〕 Romana erected this undated funeral inscription to her husband (whose name is lost) who died as a praetor-designate.〔Meckler, ''Gordian I''〕 Gordian might have been related to the gens Sempronia. French historian Christian Settipani gives as his parents Marcus Antonius (b. ca 135), ''tr. pl.'', ''praet. des.'', and wife Sempronia Romana (b. ca 140), daughter of Titus Flavius Sempronius Aquila (b. ca 115), ''Secretarius ab epistulis Graecis'', and wife Claudia (b. ca 120), daughter of an unknown father and wife Claudia Tisamenis (b. ca 100), sister of Herodes Atticus.〔 It seems therefore that the person who was related to Herodes Atticus was Gordian I's mother or grandmother and not his wife.〔Birley, pg. 340〕 Also according to the Augustan History, his wife was a Roman woman called Fabia Orestilla,〔 born circa 165, whom the Augustan History claims was a descendant of Roman Emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius through her father Fulvus Antoninus.〔 Modern historians have dismissed this name and her information as false.〔Meckler, ''Gordian I''〕 With his wife, Gordian had at least two children: a son of the same name (Gordian II)〔Historia Augusta, ''The Three Gordians'', 17:1〕 and a daughter, Antonia Gordiana (who was the mother of the future Emperor Gordian III).〔Historia Augusta, ''The Three Gordians'', 4:2〕 His wife died before 238. Christian Settipani gives as her parents Marcus Annius Severus, who was a Suffect Consul, and wife Silvana, born circa 140, daughter of Lucius Plautius Lamia Silvanus and wife Aurelia Fadilla, daughter of Antoninus Pius and wife Annia Galeria Faustina or Faustina the Elder.〔 Gordian climbed the hierarchy until he entered the Roman Senate. His political career started relatively late in his life〔Meckler, ''Gordian I''〕 and probably his early years were spent in rhetoric and literary studies.〔Birley, pg. 340〕 As a military man, Gordian commanded the Legio IIII Scythica when the legion was stationed in Syria.〔Birley, pg. 340〕 He served as governor of Roman Britain in 216 and was a Suffect Consul sometime during the reign of Elagabalus.〔Meckler, ''Gordian I''〕 Inscriptions in Roman Britain bearing his name were partially erased suggesting some form of imperial displeasure during this role.〔Birley, pg. 339〕 While he gained unbounded popularity by the magnificent games and shows he produced as aedile,〔Historia Augusta, ''The Three Gordians'', 3:5〕 his prudent and retired life did not excite the suspicion of Caracalla, in whose honour he wrote a long epic poem called ''Antoninias''.〔Historia Augusta, ''The Three Gordians'', 3:3〕 Gordian certainly retained his wealth and political clout during the chaotic times of the Severan dynasty, which suggest his personal dislike for intrigue. Philostratus dedicated his work ''Lives of the Sophists'' to either him or his son, Gordian II.〔"Grant, The Roman Emporers", pg. 140〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gordian I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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